Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Report - Essay Example The report clarifies the examination of the three organizations concerning various angles and it likewise clarifies the choice of the investigator regarding which organization is the best to contribute $500,000. The organizations are Coca-Cola Amatil Limited, Qantas Airways Limited and Woolworths Limited; they are from various segments like drink, aeronautics and retailing industry individually. They are notable in their separate enterprises and intends to become further in future. The organizations are having solid money related position and have embraced a few corporate social duty exercises which have made them solid in the realm of business. The monetary exhibition of the organizations is assessed by proportion investigation. The outcome is uncovering the money related quality of Qantas Airways Limited. The corporate administration execution and the Corporate Social Responsibility of the organization are additionally superior to the others. Presentation A venture choice isn't mad e in rush; it is a great idea to assess all the components of the organization before contributing. The money related execution is distinguished as well as different components the same the corporate administration and CSR exercises are assessed in settling on a speculation choice. The three organizations are distinctive in their activity and are from various enterprises yet at the same time a correlation can be made concerning the above components which are expounded in the following barely any segments. The report looks to locate the best organization to put resources into out of the three organizations chose. It explains the realities with respect to the money related execution of the organizations and furthermore the general execution of the organization. The information for the proportion examination of the three organizations are gotten from the each of the company’s Annual report 2012. The proportion examination of the three organizations shows that Qantas Airways Limi ted is performing admirably monetarily. The corporate administration explanations of the organizations are contrasted with get the best corporate structure, moral practices. The report additionally expounds the realities with respect to the organizations that are effective in taking care of policy centered issues, globalization and open issues. In conclusion the best of three organizations is distinguished by contrasting all the viewpoints and in which the speculation will be made in order to give a decent return after a timeframe. After the general investigation it tends to be said that the speculation can be made in Qantas aviation routes constrained. Coca-Cola Amatil Limited The â€Å"largest bottlers of non-alcoholic prepared to drink refreshments, Coca-Cola Amatil (CCA) has given amazing execution throughout the years and has become the main confided in brand in Asia Pacific region† (Coca-Cola Amatil Limited, 2013a) . It is essentially headquartered in Australia and th e Coca-Cola Company has 29% shareholding in Coca-Cola Amatil Limited. They are positioned the best among the world’s five significant bolters. It has its activity in New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Samoa and Fiji. It has differentiated in the creation of items

1834 Poor Law free essay sample

National Service Framework 1998, 2009: set national norms and rules and focuses for creating administrations †¢recovery approach speaks to move from clinical spotlight on fix to singular limit, paying little heed to analysis and side effects †¢measures to secure privileges of individuals with psychological instability in Mental Capacity Act 2005 and Mental Health Act 2007 PERSONALISATION: emotional wellness administration users’ restricted access to coordinate installments the consequence of expert paternalism and fears about hazard †¢personal spending considers indicated best results for emotional wellness administration clients as far as generally speaking prosperity and personal satisfaction †¢Pathways to Personalisation, Putting Us First and New Horizons intended to expand get to e. g. through hazard the executives methodologies. What number of, what and why An expected one out of four individuals experience some type of psychological maladjustment during their lives which makes it one of the most widely recognized reasons for incapacity. Normal mental issue are bound to influence ladies than men, and the rates among ladies matured 45-64 have ascended by about a fifth in the course of recent years. Individuals matured 75 and over are most drastically averse to have a typical mental issue. The greater part with a typical mental issue present with a blended uneasiness and burdensome issue. While genuine psychological maladjustments, for example, maniacal scatters (e. . schizophrenia), hostile to social character issue and marginal character issue get significant exposure they each influence one percent or less of the grown-up populace. There are marginally higher paces of crazy issue among ladies than men however little contrast according to character issue. The most noteworthy predominance rates are among the 35-44 age gathering, with a fundamentally higher conclusion of maniacal issue among dark men than men from other ethnic gatherings. Psychosis is additionally increasingly common among grown-ups in the least salary gatherings. A generally high level of grown-up mental patients, especially among urban populaces, have a co-finding of substance abuse. The emotional wellness issue examined so far might be transient, intermittent or ceaseless however degenerative mind issue, usually on the whole known as dementia, are lasting and terminal. Since they influence one out of twenty individuals beyond 65 and one five years old, five beyond 80 a years old, maturing populace implies that its pervasiveness will keep on expanding. Requirement for social consideration The shame joined to dysfunctional behavior keeps on influencing administration clients, their families and carers. In spite of the fact that there are some reassuring indications of a move in open perspectives, overviews show that a high extent despite everything accept that individuals with a psychological maladjustment ought to be kept in a mental emergency clinic. Shame influences the lives of individuals with mental disarranges in various measurements, for example, connections, paid work, lodging and personal satisfaction. This makes psychological instability an issue for social consideration just as wellbeing approach, while the developing commonness of dementia will put expanding requests on both wellbeing and social consideration suppliers. 2. From regulation to network care Systematization In the 18C and 19C, as talked about in past meetings, individuals viewed as perilous were normally limited to organizations under cruel and debasing conditions †at first in private crazy houses and later in openly supported refuges. Progressive Lunacy Acts went during the 19C expanded the quantity of medicinally run havens mirroring an expanding acknowledgment that psychological maladjustment was an ailment and the brain a component of the mind. Specialists assumed a focal job in these organizations, affirming maniacs, diagnosing and treating them, running the havens, and assessing and directing private crazy houses. All things considered, just a minority of individuals with a psychological issue were restricted to an expert organization; the dominant part were taken care of by their families or limited to workhouses or penitentiaries. Government assistance state and network care The refuges were assimilated into the National Health Service when it was framed in 1948, speaking to over portion of all in-persistent beds. From the 1950s onwards, in any case, there was a strategy of shutting these emergency clinics down, an approach move supported by various key variables including the revelation of prescriptions to treat the side effects of psychosis which made custodial consideration less vital for hazard the executives. An incredible clinical entryway squeezed for specialists to be permitted to rehearse ‘real’, that is intense, medication in emergency clinics as opposed to utilizing them for interminable consideration. As far as grassroots weight, the counter psychiatry/psychological well-being survivor development rose in the mid 1970s close by the incapacity development. Scholastics offered ascend to the possibility that psychological maladjustment was a social build instead of clinical actuality (e. g. for example, Szasz, Laing, Foucault) just as studying the obtuse treatment of patients in long-stay emergency clinics (e. . Goffman). Contentions supporting emergency clinic conclusion were created against a background of more extensive social equality developments across Western culture, abused by pressure gatherings, for example, MIND in the UK. In Italy, radical specialists effectively battled for the death of Law 180 out of 1978 which forestalled new admissions to existing mental e mergency clinics. As talked about already, however, in the UK, deinstitutionalisation was likewise impacted by the conviction that network based consideration would be less expensive. The 1959 Mental Health Act was a critical milestone in the improvement of care in the network, that is, the arrangement of a system of state-run, expertly conveyed benefits outside emergency clinic, for example, lodgings, day care, social work support and shielded business plans. The 1975 White Paper Better Services for the Mentally Ill re-underscored the need to give a thorough scope of network administrations, trailed by the 1976 White Paper Priorities for Health and Personal Social Services which supported wellbeing and neighborhood specialists to organize incessant consideration. Joint arranging and joint money courses of action presented over the 1970s were intended to improve co-appointment among wellbeing and neighborhood experts in the advancement of network based administrations. A few NHS obligations were moved to neighborhood specialists, for example, mental social work; and multidisciplinary network psychological wellness groups were shaped, including network mental medical caretakers, social laborers, word related advisors, analysts and therapists. Regardless of these measures, monetary emergency and open spending cuts over the 1970s eased back the development of network based arrangement . Care v control Risk and control Beginning in the late 1980s, a progression of prominent vicious scenes including emotional well-being administration clients reproduced fears about the wellbeing of network care. Analysis about the absence of co-ordinated support for released psychological wellness patients brought about the Care Program Approach (CPA), actualized i n 1991, which required wellbeing specialists to team up with social administrations offices and family carers, a consideration co-ordinator for every patient and standard consideration arranging audit. A further crime prompted a request to reason that CPA was ineffectual. In 1994 the legislature required individuals considered most in danger of hurting themselves or others to be set on oversight registers to guarantee they stayed heavily influenced by emotional well-being administrations. The 1995 Mental Health (Patients in the Community) Act at that point expanded the extent of human services providers’ authority over individuals released from emergency clinic. The way toward improving the 1983 Mental Health Act by and by offered conspicuousness to the discussion about open security versus tolerant rights. A draft Bill contained controls, for example, mandatory drug and the detainment of individuals with extreme character issue regardless of whether they had not carried out a wrongdoing. The Royal College of Psychiatrists shaped a collusion with psychological well-being client/survivor gatherings to restrict this utilization of psychiatry as a methods for social control. Regardless of government concessions, the Bill was vanquished and a second met with restriction. Consequently the 2007 Mental Health Act left the 1983 Act to a great extent flawless, yet presented Supervised Community Treatment including Community Treatment Orders. This new force supplanted administered release with the ability to restore a patient to emergency clinic where, if the individual had not taken recommended medicine, s/he could be coercively cured. The 2007 Act likewise supplanted the authority Approved Social Worker job with that of the Approved Mental Health Professional, while expanding the extent of the last to allow treatment without quiet assent. Care and rights There was additionally an accentuation on improving consideration and rights during this period. The 1998 National Service Framework built up rules for creating and vidence-based national principles for administrations just as time-restricted focuses for their accomplishment. This was refreshed in 2009 by the arrangement report New Horizons which had the twin points of improving the psychological wellness and prosperity of everyone and improving the quality and availability of administrations for individuals with poor emotional wellness. More prominent acknowledgment of slandering perspectives towards psychological maladjustment, among open and experts the same, can be connected to the recuperation way to deal with dysfunctional behavior. Close by clinical treatment, the recuperation approach centers around each individual’s ability to manufacture an important life, discover and look after expectation, restore a positive personality and assume liability and control, paying little mind to analysis or indications. Or maybe like the social model of inability, restoring the sickness is less the accentuation than social incorporation, singular decision and control. As far as rights, the 2005 Mental Capacity Act offered articulation to the rule that individuals were equipped for settling on a choice except if a methodical evaluation demonstrated that their psychological working was excessively weakened. The

5 Secrets About Independent Publisher That Will Surprise You

5 Secrets About Independent Publisher That Will Surprise You Like most blogs geared towards authors, Independent Publisher highlights events and advice that can help authors make the most of their craft. However, there are a few things that this blog does particularly well. Ill give you a brief overview here, to help you make the most of your time on the site, as well as highlighting some of the best bits; just to whet your appetite.(In) this issue offers valuable adviceThis first category of the blog is, in my opinion, one of the most valuable, as it highlights everything from book awards to literary legal terms; all fresh and recent, and conveniently presented in a user-friendly box, inset at the upper right of the homepage. If you want a quick look at a few helpful articles, then this is a good place to start. This months offerings include: the results of the groups book awards, guidance on how to turn a finished product into a bestseller, and key lessons learned from an author with fifty years of experience under his belt, all of which is invaluable.Independent Publisher offers invaluable advice to independent authors. Photo by rawpixel.com from Pexels.As described, the articles listed in this section are timely and relevant, and most are very manageable lengths, making for quick reads (we all know how important time is these days). Here is an excerpt from author Jerry Apps article on lessons learned from his fifty years of writing:I also write what I dont know. I stay within my writing niche, and I combine what I know with what I dont knowâ€"which means I do massive amounts of research.Jerry AppsMost authors have heard the recommendation to, write what you know. In this piece, Mr. Apps also discusses the inevitability of having to write what you dont know, and the best ways to go about that. Going beyond the standard, cookie-cutter advice that is found on pretty much every blog about writing, makes Apps suggestions more salient and beneficial than the average commentary for new writers.This section is exactly what y ou would hope to find when first perusing a new literary blog; innovative, modern articles, that can be quickly scanned for relevancy, and delved into at length without taking an entire afternoon to grasp one concept. Its a great page to add to your bookmarks list.Book awards give writers marketing toolsRather than just focusing on a list of award results, this section of the blog seeks to sell you on the advantages of entering into one of the groups six award categories. The usual calendars, entry requirements, and eligibility rules are included, but then there are also links to things like, Testimonials, and, Why Enter Book Awards? given right on the first page, to guide you through the process. These articles are most advantageous to new authors, who are unfamiliar with the book award process, or even any of the benefits of applying for such programs.The following is an excerpt from the, Why Enter Book Awards, section:Are you on the fence about entering a book awards contest? Not sure if entering is worth the money and effort? Check out these six reasons why entering book awards is one of the smartest and most effective means of marketing your book.IndependentPublisher.comBy discussing the pros and cons of such an endeavor, the group will both increase the quantity and quality of their entries, as well as enticing new and jaded authors alike to give this particular contest a go. With six categories, this site offers multiple opportunities for independent authors to get the marketing boost and name recognition they need. If you have never considered applying for a book award, this page will give you a few solid reasons to reconsider.Reviews are the sites expertiseAs the title implies, this section of the blog is focused on reviews of independently published books, in a variety of genres, that both provides authors with valuable reference material, and offers a very important introduction to potential readers. True to the considerate nature of this blog, thou gh, the most salient links are right at the top of the page: How to submit your title for review, and, IP Notables. With infinite potential sources of reading material and helpful resources on the Internet, it is so refreshing to have a writers blog that gets the time constraints that are a reality of working authors.Independent Publishers blog factors in the time constraints of working authors. Photo by JEShoots.com from Pexels.Sure, if we had limitless time, most of us would love to sit and read every book review, savoring the diverse styles, and learning great tips as we go. The reality, however, forces us to prioritize publishing, marketing, and honing our skills, in a fast-paced and competitive environment; the primary subjects and links available on this blog. With an extremely wide-ranging list of genres, most authors will have no problem finding worthwhile reviews in a suitable category, to help them stay current and tailor their technique to project requirements.As to why y ou might want to submit your work for review, the reasons are similar to those given in the awards section, and are nicely summarized in this excerpt:Winning a book award and getting a good review published are two of the best marketing tools available to the independent publisher today.IndependentPublisher.comEnough said, really; these are very handy tools to have in your marketing and publicity box.The events section is fantasticWhoever is responsible for this section of the blog is doing their homework. This is a treasure trove of workshops, conferences, courses, and book fairs, to boost and enhance every aspect of your professional writing needs. The events on this page are regularly updated, and allow for planning ones schedule in advance. Although there are not an enormous number of events listed, those that are here are of a high caliber, with gatherings listed on a global level.This page is a bit sparse on explanation, compared to the others on this site, but it makes up for it with quality postings to help you: learn new skills, network with a wide selection of industry professionals, and rub shoulders with your peers at the largest, and one of the oldest, licensing events in the industry. Take a peek at the history of the Frankfurt Book Fair, for example:The worlds largest book fair is as rich in history as it is in attendees. According to Peter Weishaas A History of the Frankfurt Book Fair, the international importance of the fair to the literary community was established by 1598, when English scholar Thomas Bodley attended with the intention of stocking the newly refounded Oxford University Library.www.IndependentPublisher.comThey had me at Bodley.In addition to being insanely rich in popularity and prestige, the Frankfurt Fair is also one of the best places to do that essential business of forging licensing and book rights deals. There is also a good deal of attention given to small and independently published books, thus the sites interest in it, which is given in this enticing overview:Indie publishers are welcome at the Independent Publishers Reading Island, a space where new releases are presented and readings held. Self-publishing is also being recognized as an emerging and incredibly important aspect of the industry; a full days worth of events and discussions will focus on topics relevant to self-publishers, and guided tours of the fair will stop at major self-publishing companies and service providers.IndependentPublisher.comTalk to any successful writer, and these types of events are likely to be a significant part of their work process.The site offers updated news related to independent publishingIn addition to the wonderful sections already discussed, there is a News, page. In truth, the inclusion of both a News and, This Issue page may be difficult to keep from being redundant in slow news cycles in the literary world; therefore, for the most recent stories and advances in independent publishing, I have to recomm end hitting the invaluable inset for This Issue on the homepage first. There are some great articles in the News section, as well, although not as timely as the ones in the previously mentioned link.To sum up, Independent Publisher is a useful, approachable literary blog, which does an excellent job of both catering to its niche market and offering more general industry advice for authors of all stripes. The This Issue section and the Archives page, which was not previously mentioned, contain valuable resources of past articles that have appeal for a wide assortment of writers and publishers. If this blog is not on your list of go-to literary resources, it is definitely worth considering adding it.

Black Americans And Indian Americans - 2476 Words

Black Americans and Indian Americans Institute of affiliation Name Date Abstract This paper explores the cultures of the dominant Indian-American culture and the Black American ethnic communities. Their way of life including their historical pasts, languages, religious ways and social relations will be deeply enumerated. A comparison will be included and similarities and differences drawn between the two groups. The groups will be compared on how they can interact in a professional setting and lastly it will depict how the two can interact with the dominant ethnic group on all aspects. Introduction The United States of America has always had a diverse population of people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds. As a†¦show more content†¦The US minority groups include the blacks, Asian Americans, Hawaiians and American Indians. Based on gender, men are the majority while the women are the minority with the religious category including the Muslims, Amish, Mormons and Roman Catholics as the minorities. The class that will be considered and laid emphasis on in this paper is the ethnic classification. The rich cultural diversity that the Indian Americans and African Americans brought into America can be identified through their cultures and how they interact and relate to one another. Through this paper, I will discuss the elements of each culture, compare and contrast the differences and similarities and how the two may interact with the dominant group as minority groups. African-Americans Most of the African Americans in the United States have their roots deeply embedded in Africa. The Africans were held captive in the US from 1555 to 1865 when the slave trade was rampant (Tishkoff, et al., 2009). The African Americans had numerous titles such as Negroes and Colored, but the terms are no longer accepted in English and currently people of the ethnic group are referred to as African Americans or Blacks. The Blacks originated from the numerous ethnic groups from mainly the Central and Western Africa. Another minority group originated from eastern and south-eastern Africa. The different groups may have been different

Corporate Social Responsibility And Sustainability

Introduction This article is study of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainability. It mainly speaks about the origin and the operations of CSR programs in the United States of America from the 1980’s. One of the most dominating concepts of business reporting is Corporate Social Responsibility. It has become mandatory for every business to include a policy with regards to CSR and produce a detailed report with regards to its activities. CSR can be defined as the relationship between a corporate company and the society in which the company operates. The concept of CSR became famous during the late 1960’s and since then it has helped corporations to sustain itself in the market. CSR plays a very important role in the sustainability of every department in the corporation including marketing and management. Corporations are very particular in maintaining a sustainable corporate socially responsible environment. While marketing a product they make sure that they endorse it in the right way as it is the responsibility of the company to provide the right facts of the product to the society. In the same manner with regards to Management corporations make sure that they are socially responsible. Three Principles put together can help us understand CSR in a much better way. ïÆ'Ëœ Sustainability: Sustainability shows how actions taken in the present affect the future. Marketing a product would affect the consumption of the product in the future, also in the field ofShow MoreRelatedSustainability And Corporate Social Responsibility852 Words   |  4 PagesSustainability and corporate social responsibility indicate the desire of an organization as a responsible citizen to give back to the society through initiatives that seek to better the lives of the people and generally, leaving the world a better place to live. As a global leader in the coffee restaurant business, the size of Starbucks and its activities mean that it wields a lot of power in its areas of operation and its activities can affect societies directly and indirectly. The company’s missionRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Sustainability Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Vs Corporate Sustainability in India: A case study on Aditya Bir la Group Supriya Agarwal Abstract: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now a burning topic in India, which became prominent and most amplified in 2013 when companies were obligated to spend two percent of profit after tax in CSR activities set by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. Although, the concept of CSR is not new in India and has evolved and developed very well from hundredsRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Sustainability Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pages Contents †¢ Summery †¢ Vision or Mission statement †¢ Values of the organisation †¢ Corporate Social Responsibility/Sustainability †¢ SMART analysis †¢ Conclusions †¢ Reference list Summery This assessment is about analysing the management of two different companies Macquarie group of services and David Jones. Both got many similarities and differences between their organisational structure and management. They also work with a vision in market from many years. ThereRead MoreSustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility at IKEA928 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluenced by the demands of customers and stakeholders. The business approach and corporate philosophy of an organization is easily altered due to economic pressures, technological improvement and stakeholder needs and demands. Going green or being eco-friendly is one such demand. IKEA is among the top sustainability leaders in the Scandinavian region. The company is able to confidently respond to questions of responsibility raised by consumers, employees, and investors regarding eco-friendly productsRead MoreSustainability as Part of Corporate Social Responsibility2888 Words   |  12 Pagesindirectly obliged to t ake initiatives and responsibility for their operational actions that have an impact on the natural environment and society. The natural environment that creates our basic standard for living is becoming more threatened by the human use. Not only the natural resources are being consumed to its limits, but also the procedures behind extracting those resources have a damaging effect on the environment. Thus, for many companies sustainability has become an important part of theirRead MoreMcdonald s Corporate Social Responsibility And Sustainability886 Words   |  4 PagesMcDonald’s Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability: Raising the Standards Higher I. Introduction, background, situation, problem and method Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability are the emerging bottom lines in corporate governance today (Fontaine 2013). There is actually a triple bottom line: people, planet and profit (Fontaine 2013). It is no longer possible for corporations and businesses to ignore that as they pursue business objectives, they affect society andRead MoreSustainability Is More Than Corporate Social Responsibility1874 Words   |  8 Pages 1. Sustainability a) Business Challenges related to Sustainability: Sustainability is more than corporate social responsibility. It is a challenge to companies, how they grow and make more profit without harming the environment, society and efficiencies of the employees. When it comes to sustainability issues then Stakeholders are centre of discussion. Businesses face challenges in terms of political environment, ethical, cultural, economic issues. Companies have to design their long term businessRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Report - Mara Cocoa Sustainability2134 Words   |  9 PagesSustainability at Mars Chocolate The Company Mars Chocolate is one of the world’s leading chocolate manufacturers and employs more than 13,000 people across 110 sites worldwide. Mars is a private, family owned company and is governed by a Board of Directors.   The Directors are members of the Mars family.   The Mars Board of Directors receives independent advice from four external Board Advisors.   The parent company, Mars, Incorporated is run by a global management team that oversees the day to dayRead MoreBusiness Challenges : Sustainability Is More Than Corporate Social Responsibility1209 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Challenges related to Sustainability: Sustainability is more than corporate social responsibility. It is a challenge to companies, how they grow and make more profit without harming the environment, society and efficiencies of the employees. When it comes to sustainability issues then Stakeholders are centre of discussion. Businesses face challenges in terms of political environment, ethical, cultural, economic issues. Companies have to design their long term business strategies keepingRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr ) : The Importance Of Meeting Economic, Social And Sustainability Needs1175 Words   |  5 Pageseconomic, social sustainability needs) Author: Supervisor: Sazzad Hossan Royal James Heath 18571849 12th December,2015 Corporate social responsibility (CSR), otherwise called maintainable capable business, or corporate social execution, is a type of corporate self-regulation

Read Recite Review Free Essays

| Read-Recite-Review†¦ Remember| A critical analysis; 3R Study strategy| | Nicole Turnbull| | | Transition to University Study – SSS021 Roy Sanders 13 March 2013 Transition to University Study – SSS021 Roy Sanders 13 March 2013 Mark A. McDonald, Daniel C. Howard and Gillies O. We will write a custom essay sample on Read Recite Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Einstein (2009). The Read-Recite-Review Study: Effective and Portable. A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, Vol 20 No 4, 516 – 522. There are numerous strategies used by students for learning and recalling information from various sources of educational texts. The paper (Mark A. McDonald, 2009) provides evidence why the study strategy; 3R Read-Recite-Review produces mnemonic benefits that exceed those of note-taking and rereading. Two experiments were conducted, students were instructed to learn specific pieces of text using either; reread only (control group), read and take notes (control group) or follow the process of the read-recite-review strategy. The effectiveness and efficiency of the study strategies were assessed by timing the time taken to complete the reading process and by comparing the results of immediate and delayed testing which utilised free call, multiple choice and short answers to check the amount of information retained. Experiment 1 required students to read factual, simple and short passages which proved that the 3R strategy was more effective using free call of information both immediately and delayed, however these benefits did not show in the results for both multiple choice nd short answer tests. Experiment 2 involved students reading longer and more complex passages, results supported those found in experiment 1. Additionally the second experiment found 3R beneficial over rereading for both multiple choice and problem solving. The results from both experiments concluded that the 3R strategy may promote a deep learning of materials, having benefits beyond improving retention. The study clearly demonstrate d that the 3R strategy is an efficient and effective study strategy when used in a controlled laboratory setting. However, the study was unable to establish if the motivation level of students would weaken the processing benefits of the strategy. As Daniel, Howard and Einstein state if learners are in a more motivating setting and consequently are more conscientious in their study activities, would the effects of 3R be attenuated? The experiments were performed using psychology students who participated either as part of a course requirement or for money, however students in all fields of study utilise study strategies. The motivation of students is again questioned as the I believe the personal benefit would be greater in a real life setting as opposed to receiving a monetary value to participate with no personal impact from the result achieved. Therefore I think the study should be repeated using a range of students from various courses/fields of study, using more real life motivators. In addition, I suggest testing the 3R strategy using spaced presentations of learning materials as opposed to information being presented in one sitting in order to test the effectiveness on longer term retention. How to cite Read Recite Review, Papers

The Pardoner And The Brothers Essays (575 words) -

The Pardoner And The Brothers The Pardoner and The Brothers Throughout literature, relationships can often be found between the author of a story and the story that he writes. In Geoffrey Chaucer's frame story, Canterbury Tales, many of the characters make this idea evident with the tales that they tell. A distinct relationship can be made between the character of the Pardoner and the tale that he tells. Through the Prologue to the Pardoner's tale, the character of the Pardoner is revealed. Although the Pardoner displays many important traits, the most prevalent is his greed. Throughout the prologue, the Pardoner displays his greed and even admits that the only thing he cares about is money: I preach nothing except for gain (Pardoner's Tale, Line 105). This avarice is seen strongly in the Pardoner's tale as well. In the Pardoner's tale, three friends begin a journey in order to murder Death. On their journey, though, an old man leads them to a great deal of treasure. At this point, all three of the friends in the tale display a greed similar to the Pardoner's. The three friends decide that someone should bring bread and wine for a celebration. As the youngest of the friends leaves to go buy wine, the other two greedily plot to kill him so they can split the treasure only two ways. Even the youngest decides to put it in his mind to buy poison / With which he might kill his two compani ons (383, 384). The greed, which is evident in the character of the Pardoner, is also clearly seen in the tale. Another trait that is displayed by the Pardoner and a character in his tale is hypocrisy. Although the Pardoner is extremely greedy, he continues to try and teach that Avarice is the root of all evil (6). The characters in his tale display great hypocrisy as well. As the tale begins, the friends all act very trustworthy and faithful towards all of their friends. They nobly make a decision to risk their lives while trying to slay their friend's murderer. As they talk about their challenge, they pledge to live and die each of them for the other, / As if he were his own blood brother (241-242). At the end of the tale, the brothers begin to reveal their true nature. They all turn on each other in an attempt to steal the treasure for themselves. All of the loyalty, which they had pledged, was simply a lie and no faithfulness remained. While the two older brother plotted to kill the younger, the younger brother plotted to kill them both and never to repent (388). Thus, these so-called fait hful brothers display their true ruthlessness and reveal their hypocrisy in relation to the Pardoner's character. The characters in the Pardoner's Tale match the unctuous nature of the Pardoner in a great deal of ways. All of these traits and ideas that are seen in both the Pardoner and the tale that he tells show a strong relationship in the two. Chaucer used this technique in all of the tales that are recorded in Canterbury Tales. This technique gives a greater insight into the mind of the teller. By analyzing the tales, it is possible to learn much about the teller of the tale. Using this method, Chaucer focuses on the characteristics of each of the people involved in Canterbury Tales, but also keeps the poem interesting. English Essays

International China

International China Free Online Research Papers China is a market almost every company, whether domestic or a multinational, wants to conquer. With more than one billion people potentially waiting to be customers, and an economy that is currently fourth largest in the world (at US$1.97 trillion), businessmen worldwide are beginning to recognize what a powerhouse this former sleeping giant is. For the past two decades, Chinese leaders have realized that China can no longer shut itself off from the world. For it to prosper, it must adapt to the free-market economies of the other countries it wants to do business with. After the death of one of the most powerful leaders of china, Mao Tse Tung, the country, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, set to modernize itself and loosen some of the restrictions communism has brought about to the country. At present, the People’s Republic of China has a socialist government. China is the one of largest country in East Asia with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers and 1.3 billion people living in the country (CIIC, 2007). The country’s central government is seated at its capital, Beijing. Aside from this, the country’s population is growing at a rate of 5.87 per year despite their one-child policy. At the moment, the population is slightly skewed favoring 51.5 percent towards the male gender compared to 48.5 percent of female. Majority of the population is composed of those who can be part of the productive workforce (ages 15-64 years) at almost 71 percent. Most of the Chinese live near the eastern coast of the country, near the most fertile and accessible lands. This is the area of the Yangtze Delta, Sichuan and the counties and cities along this coast (Heilig, 1999). Ninety percent of Chinese live in around here, which is roughly 30 percent of the total land area of the country. This area is quite dense at 354 people per square kilometer (Heilig, 1999). This is also the most industrialized area in the country. China is bounded by the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea and the South China Sea on its eastern side. The rest of the country is bounded by the following countries counterclockwise starting from the north east: North Korea, Russia, and Mongolia. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Laos and Vietnam (CIA, 2007). It is the fourth largest country in the world, after Russia, Canada and the United States (CIA, 2007). Depending on what part of China one is at, the terrain can be mountainous, dessert, flat and swampy, hilly or fertile. It can either be very hot, like in the Gobi Dessert, tropical like in the southeast or extremely cold like in the mountains of the Himalayas. China is rich in natural resources. The CIA, in its fact book, cites that China has coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium and hydropower potential from its rivers. Unfortunately, the country is visited by typhoons or what Americans would call a hurricane, leaving damages in its wake. Aside from this, areas near the country’s major rivers also cause flooding and the country is also vulnerable to tsunamis, earthquakes and droughts (CIA, 2007). Majority of the people are literate, with Mandarin as the official language, although several dialects are also used, like Cantonese and Shanghais (CIA, 2007). However, because of China’s exposure to the outside world, some Chinese are beginning to learn English. In doing business with any country, it is important to learn about their culture and society. This is to ensure better understanding and avoid embarrassing situations of unknowingly insulting the host country and jeopardize Chinese culture has rich traditions dating from thousands of years ago. Until the last century, China has been ruled by dynasties. However, China has undergone several changes in its political structure from democratic to communism to socialism at present. The Chinese have moved forward and dress similarly to most westerners and reserve their traditional dress for celebrations and special events (Premier Star Co., 2007). Red is considered a lucky color for Chinese. The Chinese also place a high regard for a person’s credibility, image and honor, which is close to their concept of â€Å"face† (Premier Star Co., 2007). The chinaunique.com website advises that the concept of â€Å"face† is ingrained in their culture so they are careful not it insult, embarrass, shame or demean a person. Causing embarrassment to a business associate may result to severed business times. Maintaining his â€Å"face† may be crucial in conducting a deal. Training or acculturation to this concept begins at a very young age. People are taught how important their image to the outside world or â€Å"face† is. In responding to strangers on survey and interviews, responses are likely to be influenced by the respondent’s perception of how it will make him or her look, or their â€Å"face†. Other ways of obtaining information would have to be done. Aside from altering the usual method of how market research is done, trying to get responses from Chinese counterparts, like in process improvement, should also be done creatively in such a way that the concept of â€Å"face† is taken into consideration and respondents are encouraged to help improve the process. An example of how this can be circumnavigated is requesting for information on how to improve production presented in such a way that the team perceives that honesty is needed in order for the group to save face. This concept is also prevalent in most Asian cultures so a foreigner must be familiar with the concept and respect it in order to successfully negotiate and do business with them. The Chinese also believe in the concept of extended families. The family is a strong unit in China, with children either living with or nearby their parents. The influence of family can also be seen in personal and business decisions. Again, in doing business with the Chinese, familial ties need to be considered as well. Most modern conveniences and appliances that Americans are used to are still rare in most Chinese households like washing machines, dryers and telephones (Premier Star Co., 2007). City dwellers, of course have more appliances than those that live at rural areas. This presents an opportunity for many foreign companies who have managed to penetrate the Chinese market. China has been touted an economic miracle – rising from civil war and the Cultural Revolution for most of the second half of the twentieth century. Since then, any rise or fluctuation in the country’s economic activities has had great repercussions throughout the world. China, as it is known now, was established in 1949 as a communist government, with the Soviet Union’s recognition (Chinavoc, 2002). However, it only became stable when the civil war ended and most of the nationalists fled to nearby Taiwan and set their own government. Up to now, China does not recognize the sovereignty of Taiwan and considers it as a province. After the civil war, the communist government under Mao Tse Tung set to rebuild their country with their â€Å"Great Leap Forward† program to gain economic and technical development at a fast pace (Chinavoc, 2002). People were sent to communes to work at factories, mines and other establishments. They were supposed to be self-sufficient units. After a few years of trying to recover in the early 1960s, Mao tried to retake control of the country by initiating the Cultural Revolution in 1966, with the thinking that capitalist thought was creeping into the country’s policies. This led to intellectuals being sent to the communes to teach them the value of working for the party’s benefit all the time. After Mao’s death in 1976, reformists led by Deng Xiaoping slowly gained control of the Communist party leadership and were able to start instituting their reforms (Chinavoc, 2002). However, despite the effects that the Cultural Revolution wrought to the country, Mao was still recognized for his efforts to unite China. Deng Xiaoping gained leadership and started giving more freedom to people in the communes in terms of deciding what to produce. The government policy turned from prioritizing politics to economics (Chinavoc, 2002), the start of the Four Modernizations: industry, agriculture, science and technology. His leadership saw the rise of what the Chinese call the â€Å"Second Revolution†. However, while there were more freedoms in the economy, political freedom is not yet as well developed as international human rights groups would like to be. There have been calls for the Chinese government to free political prisoners and administer reforms for freedom of speech, which, ironically, is part of the ratified 1982 constitution. China is yet to strengthen its business regulation and banking systems although analysts are confident that the country will eventually fix these issues. In the meantime, nearby autonomous regions like Hong Kong is providing their own help in terms of having a model for similar institutions. China politics, however, remain as a single-party system up to now. REFERENCES Central Intelligence Agency (2007) The World Fact book: China. Cia.gov. Retrieved March 23, 2007 from, https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/ch.htmlChina Internet Information Center (CIIC). (2007) China: Quick Facts. China.org.cn. Retrieved March 23, 2007 from, china.org.cn/e-changshi/index.htm China Internet Network Information Center (2007) CNNIC Released the 19th Statistical Survey Report on Internet Development in China. Cnnic.net. Retrieved March 25, 2007 from, cnnic.net.cn/html/Dir/2007/02/05/4432.htm Chinavoc. (2002) Chinese modern time history, The People’s Republic of China. Chinavoc.com. Retrieved March 23, 2007 from, chinavoc.com/history/peoplerepublic.htm Research Papers on International ChinaDefinition of Export QuotasThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaWhere Wild and West MeetAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Asian Inventors

Asian Inventors Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, held each year during the month of May, celebrates Asian Pacific American cultures and heritage and recognizes the many contributions Asian Pacific Americans have made to this nation. An Wang An Wang (1920-1990), a Chinese-born American computer scientist, is best known for founding Wang Laboratories and holding over thirty-five patents including patent #2,708,722 for a magnetic pulse transfer controlling device which related to computer memory and was crucial to the development of digital information technology. Wang Laboratories was founded in 1951 and by 1989 employed 30,000 people and had $3 billion a year in sales, with such developments as desktop calculators and the first word processors. An Wang was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1988. Enrique Ostrea Doctor Enrique Ostrea received patent #5,015,589 and patent #5,185,267 for methods of testing infants for exposure to drugs or alcohol during pregnancy. Enrique Ostrea was born in the Philippines and immigrated to America in 1968. Ostrea continues to be honored for his contributions to pediatrics and neonatology. Tuan Vo-Dinh Tuan Vo-Dinh, who immigrated to the United States in 1975 from Vietnam, has received twenty-three patents mainly related to optical diagnostic equipment, including his first patents (#4,674,878 and #4,680,165) for badges that can be optically scanned to determine exposure to toxic chemicals. Vo-Dinh utilizes similar technology in patent #5,579,773 which is an optical method of cancer detection. Flossie Wong-Staal Flossie Wong-Staal, a Chinese-American scientist, is a leader in AIDS research. Working with a team that included Dr. Robert C. Gallo, she helped to discover the virus that causes AIDS and a related virus that causes cancer. She also did the first mapping of HIVs genes. Wong-Staal continues to work on a vaccine to prevent AIDS and treatments for those with AIDS. Her patents, which were granted with co-inventors, include patent #6,077,935 for a method of testing for AIDS.

Middle East Conflict Resolution and the Arab Spring Essay

Middle East Conflict Resolution and the Arab Spring - Essay Example The region has shown higher economic growth from 1965 to 1985. However, due to several conflicts and wars prevailed in the region, its economic growth and development has drastically fallen. The conflicts in the Middle East region have been a never ending process from centuries. The recent conflicts in the region have significantly affected its economic progression as compared to others. One of the major conflicts, which took place in the recent past few years, is the Syrian Civil war. More importantly, there always have been conflicts amid the two Islamic groups of the region, including Sinai and Shia (Soliman, 2013; Wilson, 2012). The conflicts among the two Islamic groups have resulted into devastating economic and social loss from decades. Similarly, in last decade, a devastating war in Iraq can be witnessed, wherein millions of people have been affected. Moreover, as a result of certain issues including corruption and terrorist attack among others, there has been extreme downfall in the developmental procedure of the economy of the region. This certainly resulted into discouraging the conduct of business efficiently in the region. Thus, the people of the region in order to bring back the economy on track, protested with the conduct of certain revolutionary activities against the government. One of such significant revolutionary acts can be ascertained as the Arab Spring. The activities involved in the revolt included riots, tremendous civil disobedience, self immolation and strikes that disrupted the normal functionalities of the region (Soliman, 2013; Wilson, 2012). Contextually, the prime intent of this essay is to discuss and analyze one of the significant issues i.e. â€Å"Middle East Conflict Resolution and the Arab Spring† with prime focus on determining its impact on modern businesses. In this similar context, various

Core nursing competencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Core nursing competencies - Essay Example They are, providing patient focused care. The nurse should have the patient as the center of their attention in providing fully fledged care and attention. A patient is the main reason for the existence of the nursing occupation anyway. Therefore it is the role of the nurse to provide ultimate care to the patient without diverging interest. The second competency involves being able to work in interdisciplinary groups. This competency requires respect among workers which is one of the provisions in the ANA code of ethics. Interdisciplinary workers come from different departments in the health care system who work together to provide health care services. All the professionals in healthcare work together to attend to the patient’s needs and meet effective patient care results. The third competency is using evidence based practice. This requires knowledge of processes and procedures in handling patients well enough. Methods of handling patients should be established so as to iden tify the methods that suit patients most. The third competency involves utilizing quality improvement. Multiple strategies get used in order to maximize the use of resources in serving patients. This should aim at making quality improvement effective. The best research strategies get utilized, clinical expertise are not disregarded and patient values to make patient care decisions. The fifth competency is use of informatics. This involves error reduction, good management of information as well as knowledge, decision making and communication. Nursing from a health care perspective looks at the many challenges that nurse’s face in their work. Most nurses can relate to stories of victimization at their workplaces (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012). Form the interviews of nurses on their experiences as nurses, it is right to conclude that it is an occupation that contains a lot of challenges to face. Some of the challenges in the nursing profession include the media’s nega tive image, challenges in nursing recruitment as well as retention, workplace culture and education. There have claims that nursing education theory differs from the practical work. Nursing is also disconnected from other spheres of influence in other areas of study. There is poor communication with other disciplines as stated. This creates a gap between nursing and other disciplines that could contribute to the efficiency of nursing. These other disciplines offer unique perspectives that could offer interprofessionalism. Health care safety remains a key matter in the profession. Safe practice with all people the nurses come in contact with improves communication with them. It also involves the nurse’s ability to think critically and apply the knowledge they have gained (American Holistic Nursing Association, 2012). They put their skills best in use and use their general wisdom in providing their service. Victimization, powerlessness and the inability to achieve things in the nursing profession has been a hurdle needed to be overcome. This has resulted in the undermining of the nursing profession. Many get external information that nursing is a hard and challenging job that would not be as satisfying. Nurses in the profession already get leveled at a lower status than other professions. It would not be because health care is undermined but how people perceive nurses. As This results to fewer people having the interest to become nurses. Nurses in colleges do not get enough preparation on

Those Backwards Neo-Classicalists :: Neo-Classicalism Capitalism Capitalist Essays

Those Backwards Neo-Classicalists One of the principal themes of our class was that Neo-Classicalism is wrong, not only wrong but backward. It seemed that everywhere we turned we found one example after another that supported this conclusion. In a nutshell Neo-Classicalists believe that Capitalism is completely fair and that in a Capitalist system one can never be cheated. This erroneous theory extends even into the environment and pollution. The movie "Erin Brockovich" does a wonderful job of illustrating just how wrong the Neo-Classicalists are when it comes to this particular subject. Just what is the Neo-classical belief about the environment and pollution? Interestingly enough they do admit that companies pollute, they also admit that pollution should not be left untended. Both of these admissions are actually surprising and somewhat contradictory to what one might expect from the Neo-Classicalist, unfortunately this is as far as the surprise goes. In typical Neo-classical style the theory is that if pollution is really a problem the market will bear this out and then resolve it. The belief is that the citizens will recognize that it is in the interest of the common good to stop pollution, and the response will be a non-political way of alleviating or stopping the problem. I emphasize that the solution will be a non-political one because it appears that politics and Neo-classicalism are enemies. Neo-Classicalists believe that Government should never get involved in economic problems. They feel that if the government would just stay out of it all problems would s olve themselves through neo-classicalism. In other words Government is just this terrible thing that imposes itself and mucks the whole system up! The ideal of Neo-classicalism is that the pollution problem will give rise to a market that will meet the demand for a clean environment. Which brings me to another principal of Neo-Classicalism with which I have a problem; all things should be paid for. The all-popular Brita water purifier and the increasingly popular oxygen bars are prime examples of this ideal. Although you may be able to make an argument for this principal when it comes to goods and services it seems ludicrous when you apply it to the environment. You want clean air? Pay for an oxygen bar! You want clean water? Buy yourself a water purifier! Clean air and water should be things that all humans have a right to without having to pay for them.

Management Genius Peter F. Drucker

Management Genius: Peter F. Drucker By Md. Faruk Hossain (Faruk) Dear reader, there are many kinds of writings, many kinds of posts, that depict different kinds of tips, suggestions, etc. But I will try here to post something different, because there are really something differences to write. Actually sometimes there exist lots of geniuses in our invisibility, but we don't know well about them though we did hear a little or knew the names of them. Today I will write about one of the best Management Genii of all time, who is Peter F. Drucker!It might keep you all in a feeling that I am trying to make you all to read management books, but Good News is that, it is not. It will be tried here to make you know because we really should know about Drucker! And if you don't believe that, then the proof will undoubtly knock you at the end of reading this post. Anyway, is this the time to start now? Well we can move on! I am not actually writing Drucker's born city, time, parents name, etc. I j ust would like to write why he is important for us, especially for business background students, because that should create more appeal.Drucker is actually much popular for his renowned book â€Å"The Practice of Management† (1954), though the world first looked at him through his â€Å"The End of Economic Man† (1939) book. The Practice of Management created some different expressions because he really put some different things there. This is a lively and forceful book. It proclaims that the manager is the dynamic, life-giving element in every business. It emphasizes the fact that management is Performance, it is Practice. In 1943 General Motors (GM) Corporation invited him to study its top management policies and organization structure.The result of this study was his book, Concept of the Corporation (1946), which turned out to be a landmark in management studies. The real subject matter of this book is social and political problems of industrial society. Drucker's ac hievements are due to his extraordinary self-discipline. His time management is superb. His energy is boundless. He has the genius to concentrate and he unflinchingly adheres to his ideals and objectives. In a sense he has been practicing management by objectives (MBO) and self-control throughout his life. He is no doubt endowed with unusual gifts, which he has cultivated to great advantage.He is also a great accomplished time manager. He works in three capacities, as consultant, professor and author. He has reserve about 100 days for consultancy and speaking work. He has no office staff! Isn? t it amazing? It is remarkable how he handles all his work by himself. He is ruthless as far as time wasters are concerned. He responds to most of his mail. Drucker takes his work seriously and expects others to do likewise. Once when he found that one of his clients, a very big fir, had not done their homework properly, he walked out of the meeting! Drucker is immensely interested in teaching and teachers. Teacher Watching? has been his major hobby over a number of years. He also worked as consultant for scores of firms throughout the world and „consulting is my laboratory? , he says. This is the source of his astonishing knowledge of the working of organizations, their technologies, their methods of management and their markets. He reads very little about management itself. He has developed his own approach to consultancy work. Now this is the time to ask question about â€Å"Why Study Drucker? † One great thing is, He raises simple questions which have profound practical implications.For instance, he once asked the chairman of a well-known firm manufacturing glass bottles, „What us your business The chairman was surprised at this elementary question. He said, „We are obviously in the business of manufacturing glass bottles.? Drucker said, „No, this is not correct. You are in the packaging business.? The reason being that glass can be rep laced by plastic, tin or cardboard, but the basic purpose is packaging. These few words of Drucker made all the difference as the firm turned over to other types of packaging and benefited greatly by it.Drucker has developed the art of raising such practical questions and providing practical guidelines for their solution. His suggestions are not ad hoc solutions based on guess work. They are based on wise experience, rigorous analysis, penetrating insight and unerring sense of practicability. To understand Drucker is to know the essentials of management. For this reason, F. C. Dyer once said about Drucker, â€Å"Whenever I pick up the writings of Drucker, I feel that I am in the presence of genius. † This is all about today? s writing.If it could make the readers happier and with useful, then again Drucker might come back here along with his lots of indispensable works, or with the similar post. At the End, we can finish our reading by simply brainstorming and looking at â₠¬Å"What we can learn from Drucker? †: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Self-Discipline Strong Time Management Asking simple question to get flawless ourselves Self-Confident Accustomed to working alone with self-reliance Serious with work, what is relied upon Thinking more Thank you all and it is really grateful for showing your perseverance to read the whole article. Md. Faruk Hossain [email  protected] com ———————-

Twelfth Night Film Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 985 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Twelfth Night Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Issues of gender identity and alternative sexualities register differently when reading twelfth Night than in viewing the globe production by James Bulman in Bearding the Queen: Male Cross-Dressing at the New Globe. When reading twelfth Night, gender identity and sexuality is used as a concept for self-identity. The way Viola cross-dresses as Cesario helps in showing how much she benefited when she was a woman than when she was a man. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Twelfth Night Film Essay" essay for you Create order Dramatic irony quotes such as A little thing would make me tell them how much I lack of a man (III, IV, 255-6) reoccur throughout the play and is seen as a reminder that the characters have an underlying femininity. Viola goes through a change of identity and just like her name her behavior disrupts the conservative female behavior. She lived in a male authoritative society alone after she lost her brother and father which was hard. However, she works as a male and takes on the male attire, the male dress is seen as practical means of survival although she identifies herself as a female. By cross-dressing Viola replaces herself as male and takes control of her own life. On the other hand, viewing the globe production by James Bulman in Bearding the Queen: Male Cross-Dressing at the New Globe, issues of gender identity and cross-dressing are seen as performative as opposed to innate (Bulman 75). Gender is seen as a sexual desire and a cultural construct as opposed to just a simple difference in biology. This means that gender is identified by situational behavior and external code of conduct rather than an interior and essential gender identity. The second way when reading twelfth Night issues of gender identity and sexuality is seen through extra-textual cross-dressing. Gender coherence of characters is seen in a dramatic text and can be displayed through cross-dressing. By using such a character in the text, the character is forced at different times to play the roles of both female and male. Using double entendre and dramatic irony helps to enhance the characters relationship with the readers. The way that Cesario as Viola is resourceful, empathetic and can show different desires when it comes to different characters shows that the representation of the cross-dresser is positive. Issues of gender identity and alternative sexualities register differently in viewing of the globe production described by James Bulman in Bearding the Queen: Male Cross-Dressing at the New Globe are however different. Cross-dressing is seen as a way of adding comic effect to the play. According to Bulman Drag is a sly parody of femininity (84).This means that the actors are cross-dressed and dressed in drag so as to add what Bulman calls comic benefits of drag (84). Therefore, the play avoids the choice of a traditional cast of the play and also the all-male comedic aspect. According to James C. Bulman notes, the all-male production differs from a traditional version, in which men play men and women play women as it casts an all-male members for the plays(76). The Elizabethan stage is different from the traditional version where each gender would play their gender roles. This means that it was an all-male cast and wore Elizabethan dress as the male cross-dressed. The Elizabethan stage or an all-male production is a stage where considerable multiplicity and fluidity is seen when it comes to channeling sexual energies. I agree with Bulmans thesis that a traditional version would not be the same and it would have eliminated the pun and the comic relief of the cross-dressed men. The casting of Viola disguised as the page Cesario is proved to be more acceptable as in the globe performance, the all-male cast acted as an alienating device to identify with sexual desire and gender identity. The audiences were receptive to the gender provocations in a popular venue like the globe which heavily appeals families, tourists and school children. If I was producing a version of this play, I would you cast it with regards to gender the traditional cast for the play. This is because a traditional casting would is simple and it will appeal to majority of the audiences. By casting male-male and female-female in their true gender, the audiences would have it easy to understand issues of gender identities and alternative sexualities in line of who is male and who is female. However, the traditional casting would have its disadvantages as the element of humor in the play is sacrificed which is addressed in a direct way when an all-male cast is featured. The main factor which would impact my decision on the type of production would be the type of audience attending the play. Possibly, if the play was to be produced to an audience that is familiar with Shakespeare and Twelfth Night, I would have considered an all-male production. This will help increase the cosmic effect and potential humor throughout the play. Therefore, this means that my choice of casting will depend on the circumstances as well as the audiences involved in the play. Another way in which the audience would impact my choice of casting is that those who have read or are familiar with Shakespeare and Twelfth Night would embrace the homoerotic undertone during the production. For example, when reading twelfth Night Antonio when talking to Sebastian says that I could not stand behind you. My desire, /more sharp than filed steel, did spur me fourth (3.3.4-5). This way, Antonio and Sebastians relationship can be seen to be embracing a homoerotic undertone. However, when it comes to the production Antonio can be seen as a mentor and even a care giver to Sebastian. Therefore, first time audiences would have a problem when it comes to identifying the homoerotic nature of Antonio and Sebastians relationship. References Bulman, James C. Bearding the Queen: Male Cross-Dressing at the New Globe. Shakespearean Performance: New Studies (2008): 74-91. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Twelfth Night. Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1928. Print.